अहिराणीची मळ सायथियन भाषा

मध्य आशियातून भारतात स्थलांतरित झालेल्या लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाच्या पूर्वजांची ओळख समस्त जगाला व्हावी या उद्देशाने Irma Marx या लेखकाने "The Scythians" या नावाची एक पुस्तिका प्रकाशित केली आहे.सका/शक/Scythian" लोकांचा मोठा अभ्यास जगभर चालू आहे.रोज नवनवीन माहितीवर प्रकाश पडत आहे.त्यावर समस्त लाड सका (शाखीय) वाणी समाज बांधवांचे लक्ष असले पाहिजे.

मध्य आशियातील सायबेरिया प्रांतात, अल्ताई पर्वत रांगांमधे रहाणार्‍या, इराणी मूळ असलेल्या या "सका/शक/Scythian" टोळ्यांना "Kindred Scythians/ Eastern Scythians) म्हणून ओळखले जाते. हेच महाराष्ट्रातील लाड सका/शाखीय वाणी समाज बांधवांचे पूर्वज आहेत.(संदर्भ - Herodotus)

इराणी मूळ असलेल्या या भटक्या जमातीचे लोक इ.स.पूर्व दुसर्‍या शतकापासून ते पार इ.स.च्या चवथ्या शतकापर्यंत टप्प्याटप्प्याने सायबेरिया प्रांतातून Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra या क्रमाने उत्तर व पश्चिम भारतात स्थलांतरित झाल्या व "भारतीय शक/Indo-Scythians" म्हणून ओळखल्या जाऊ लागल्या.

लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाच्या या पूर्वजांच्या Scythian या भाषेचा अभ्यास "World Library Foundation" या संस्थेच्या "Project Gutenberg" या नावाने ओळखल्या जाणार प्रकल्पात सुरू असून त्याची इ.स.२०२० साली प्रसृत झालेली खालील माहिती खालील संकेतस्थळावर वाचायला मिळते :-

http://www.gutenberg.us/Results.aspx?PageIndex=1&SearchAuthor=World+Heritage+Encyclopedia&AuthorType=1

१.International information on Scythian language :-

Name - Scythian

Areas in which Scythian language was spoken - Central Asia,Eastern Europe

Countries in which Scythian language was spoken -

Scythia,Sarmatia,Kingdom of Khotan,Parm Kamboja(परम कंबोज),Sistan(शकस्तान),Scythia Minor,

Ethnicity - Scythians

Era - Classical antiquity, late antiquity

Language family -

Indo-European/Indo-Iranian/

Iranian/Eastern Iranian/Scythian

Dialects - Sarmatian,Alanian,

Saka

Language codes -

ISO 639-3

२.Scythians were a family of Eastern Iranian languages of the classical and late antiquity period, spoken in a vast region of Eurasia named Scythia.

३.It is a Middle Iranian language, belonging to the Iranian group in the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

४.The location and extent of Scythia varied by time, but generally it encompassed the part of Eastern Europe east of the Vistula river and much of Central Asia.

५.The dominant ethnic groups among the Scythians were nomadic pastoralists of Central Asia and the Pontic-Caspian steppe.Fragments of their speech known from inscriptions and words quoted in ancient authors as well as analysis of their names indicate that it was of the Indo-European language family, was Indo-Iranian, Iranian and more specifically Eastern Iranian.Further classification is uncertain and elusive.

६.Alexander Lubotsky has summarised the known linguistic landscape of Scythian language which is given below.

७.The vast majority of Scythological scholars agree that the Scythian-Sarmatian languages (and Ossetian) belong to the Eastern Iranian language family like the once widespread but now extinct Sogdian language.This Iranian hypothesis relies principally on the fact that the Greek inscriptions of the Northern Black Sea Coast contain several hundreds of Sarmatian names showing a close affinity to the Ossetian language.

८.Historians normally divide the Scytho-Sarmatian group chronologically rather than geographically as follows :-

Scythian (ca. 800 – 300 BC), mainly evidenced in Classical Greek authors

Sarmatian (ca. 300 BC – AD 400), mainly evidenced in Hellenistic and Roman inscriptions

Alanian (ca. AD 400 – 1000), mainly evidenced in Byzantine Greek authors

९.Some scholars detect a division of Scytho-Sarmatian into two dialects: a western, more conservative dialect, and an eastern, more innovative one.The innovative dialect may correspond to Sarmatian, whereas the conservative dialect may continue the dialect spoken by the old Scythians before the invasion of the Sarmatians.

१०.The Scythian languages may have formed a dialect continuum.

११.Scytho-Sarmatian languages were spoken by people originally of Iranian stock from the 8th and 7th century BC onwards in the area of Ukraine, Southern Russia and Kazakhstan. Modern Ossetian survives as a continuation of the language family possibly represented by Scytho-Sarmatian inscriptions, although the Scytho-Sarmatian language family "does not simply represent the same [Ossetian] language" at an earlier date.

१२.Saka language or Scytho-Khotanese in the east: spoken in the Kingdom of Khotan (located in present-day Xinjiang, China), and including the Khotanese of Khotan and Tumshuqese of Tumshuq.Scholars classify these languages as North-Eastern Iranian.

(या Saka language मधील व लाड सका/शाखीय वाणी समाजाच्या "अहिराणी" या मातृभाषेतील साम्यस्थळे शोधल्यास या समाजाच्या इतिहासावर मोठा प्रकाश पडेल.)

१३.Early East Iranians originated in the Yaz culture (ca. 1500–1100 BC) in Central Asia.The Scythians migrated from Central Asia toward Eastern Europe in the 8th and 7th century BC occupying today's Southern Russia and Ukraine and the Carpathian Basin and parts of Moldova and Dobruja. They disappeared from history after the Hunnish invasion of Europe in the 5th century AD, and Turkic (Avar, Batsange, etc.) and Slavic peoples probably assimilated most people speaking Scythian. However, in the Caucasus, Ossetian language belonging to the Scythian-Sarmatian linguistic continuum remains in use today, while in Central Asia, some languages belonging to Eastern Iranian family are still spoken, namely Pashto, Pamir languages and Yaghnobi.

(या Pashto भाषेतील बरेच शब्द "अहिराणी" भाषेत असावेत असा अंदाज आहे.जाणकारांनी ते शोधून काढावे.ही नम्र विनंती.

१४.Some scholars ascribe certain inscribed objects found in the Carpathian Basin and in Central Asia to the Scythians, but the interpretation of these inscriptions remains disputed (given that nobody has definitively identified the alphabet or translated the content).

१५.An inscription from Saqqez written in the Hieroglyphic Hittite script may represent Scythian.

१६.The Issyk inscription, found in a Scythian kurgan dating approximately to the 4th century BC, remains undeciphered, but some authorities assume that it represents Scythian.

१७.The primary sources for Scythian words remain the Scythian toponyms, tribal names, and numerous personal names in the ancient Greek texts and in the Greek inscriptions found in the Greek colonies on the Northern Black Sea Coast.

१८.These names suggest that the Scythian-Sarmatian language had close similarities to modern Ossetian.

१९.Some scholars believe that many toponyms and hydronyms of the Russian and Ukrainian steppe have Scythian links. For example, Vasmer associates the name of the river Don with an assumed/reconstructed unattested Scythian word dānu(water, river) and with Avestan dānu,Pashto dand and Ossetian don.The river names Don, Donets, Dnieper, Danube, Dniester and lake Donuzlav (the deepest one in Crimea, Ukraine) may also belong with the same word-group.

२०.The Greek historian Herodotus provides another source of Scythian; he reports that the Scythians called the Amazons Oiorpata, and explains the name as a compound of oior, meaning "man", and pata, meaning "to kill".Most scholars associate oior "man" with Avestan vīra - "man/hero", Sanskrit vīra, PIE u̯iHro.Various explanations account for pata "kill":Avestan paiti- "lord", Sanskrit pati-, PIE poti- (i.e. "man-ruler");Ossetian maryn "kill", Pashto mrəl, Sanskrit mārayati, PIE *mer- "die",Ossetian fædyn "cleave", Sanskrit pātayati "fell", PIE peth₂- "fall".

Alternatively, one scholar suggests Iranian aiwa- "one" + warah- "breast",the Amazons believed to have removed a breast to aid drawing a bow, according to some ancient folklorists, and as reflected in Greek folk-etymology: a- (privative) + mazos, "without breast".Elsewhere Herodotus explains the name of the mythical one-eyed tribe Arimaspoi as a compound of the Scythian words arima, meaning "one", and spu, meaning "eye". Some scholars connect arima "one" with Ossetian ærmæst "only", Avestic airime "quiet", Greek erēmos "empty", PIE *h₁(e)rh₁mo-?, and spu "eye" with Avestic spas- "foretell", Sanskrit spaś-, PIE *speḱ- "see".However, Iranian usually expresses "one" and "eye" with words like aiwa- and čašman- (Ossetian īw and cæst).

२१.Other scholars reject Herodotus' etymology and derive the ethnonym Arimaspoi from Iranian aspa- "horse" instead.Or the first part of the name may reflect something like Iranian raiwant- "rich", cf. Ossetian riwæ "rich".

२२.HERODOTUS'S SCYTHIAN THEONYMS

(देवतांची नावे) -

Tabiti/Hetia/तपती/

Papaios/Zeus/Father/पा/

Api/Gaia/Mother/Water/आप/

Goitosyros/Oitosyros/ Apollo/सूर

Argimpasa/Artimpasa/ Aphrodite/Urania/Fire/Thagimasadas/Poseidon

२३.The Alanian language as spoken by the Alans from about the 5th to the 11th centuries AD formed a dialect directly descended from the earlier Scytho-Sarmatian languages, and forming in its turn the ancestor of the Ossetian language.

२४.Following is the brief overview of the Scythian and Ossetian languages :-

Indo-Iranian

Indo-Aryan(Indic)

Old Vedic/Classical Sanskrit

Buddhist

Abahatta

Apabhraṃśa

Dramatic Prakrits

Magadhi

Maharashtri

Shauraseni

Elu

Gāndhārī

Jain

Paisaci

Pāli

Prakrit

Hindi

Awadhi

Bagheli

Bambaiya Hindi

Brij Bhasha

Bhojpuri

Sarnami Hindustani

Bundeli

Chhattisgarhi

Fiji Hindi

Haryanvi

Kannauji

Sansiboli

Urdu

Dakhni

Rekhta (early form)

Others

Dhanwar Rai

Eastern

Assamese and Bengali

Assamese

Bengali

Others

Angika

Bishnupriya Manipuri

Chakma

Chittagonian

Halbi

Hajong

Kayort

Kharia Thar

Magahi

Maithili

Majhi

Mal Paharia

Nahari

Oriya

Rajbanshi

Rohingya

Sadri

Sylheti

Northern

Garhwali

Kumaoni

Nepali

Palpa

Potwari

North

western

Punjabi

Saraiki

Majhi

Others

Aer

Derawali

Dogri

Hindko

Kangri

Kutchi

Sindhi

Southern

Dhivehi

Konkani

Mahal

Marathi

Sinhala

Western

Bhil

Bhili

Gamit

Rajasthani

Bagri

Goaria

Gojri

Jaipuri

Malvi

Marwari

Mewari

Dhatki (sociolect)

Others

Domari

Gujarati

Kalto

Khandeshi(अहिराणी हा खानदेशी भाषेचा प्रकार आहे.)

Parkari Koli

Romani

Saurashtra

Iranian

Old Persian

Median

Eastern

Avestan

Old Scythian

Middle

Western

Middle Persian

Parthian

Eastern

Bactrian

Khwarezmian

Ossetic

Jassic

Sakan(Sacian)

Scythian

Sogdian

Old Azari

Balochi

Central Iran

Zoroastrian Dari

Fars

Gilaki

Gorani

Kurdish

Kurmanji

Soranî

Kermanshahi

Laki

Mazandarani

Semnani

Taleshi

Tati

Zazaki

Eastern

Pamir

Ishkashimi

Munji

Roshani

Shughni

Sarikoli

Wakhi

Yazgulami

Yidgha

Others

Ossetic

Pashto

Yaghnobi

Ormuri

Parachi

Persian

Dari

Tajik

Luri

Feyli

Bakhtiari

Laki

Kumzari

Caucasian Tat

Larestani

Bashkardi

Other Indo-Iranian like - languages

Dardic

Dameli

Domaaki

Gawar-Bati

Kalami

Kalash

Kashmiri

Khowar

Kohistani

Nangalami

Palula

Pashayi

Shina

Shumashti

Torwali

Ushoji

Nuristani

Kamkata-viri

Kamviri

Kata-vari

Mumviri

Others

Askunu

Kalasha-ala

Kamkata-viri

Tregami language

Vasi-vari

लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजातील भाषातज्ञ,लेखक,कवी, प्राध्यापक यांच्यासाठी Scythian भाषा व अहिराणी भाषा यातील साम्यस्थळे शोधणे हे एक मोठेच आव्हान आहे.

लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाच्या या पूर्वजांचा सुमारे ५०,००० वर्षांचा इतिहास आपण सर्वांनी या अभ्यासगटात वाचलाच असेल. त्यामध्ये हे "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाचे लोक मध्य आशियातील "सायबेरिया" या प्रांतातून भारतात स्थलांतरित झाल्याचा इतिहास क्रमवार मांडला होता.त्याला पुष्टी देणारे हे संशोधन आहे.या संशोधनाच्या पार्श्वभूमीवर लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या कुलदेवता,कुलाचार, कुल,कुलग्राम,कुलनाम,गोत्र,धार्मिक संकल्पना,सामाजिक चालीरिती या गोष्टींचा सखोल अभ्यास होणे आवश्यक आहे.त्याचा उहापोह या अभ्यासगटात वेळोवेळी केलेलाच आहे.तो सर्वांनी अवश्य वाचावा व आपल्या बहुमूल्य प्रतिक्रिया या अभ्यासगटात अवश्य नोंदवाव्या.ही नम्र विनंती.

आपला कृपाभिलाषी,

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व्यवस्थापक

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