Genetics

मध्य आशियातून भारतात स्थलांतरित झालेल्या लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाच्या पूर्वजांची ओळख समस्त जगाला व्हावी या उद्देशाने Irma Marx या लेखकाने "The Scythians" या नावाची एक पुस्तिका प्रकाशित केली आहे.सका/शक/Scythian" लोकांचा मोठा अभ्यास जगभर चालू आहे.रोज नवनवीन माहितीवर प्रकाश पडत आहे.त्यावर समस्त लाड सका (शाखीय) वाणी समाज बांधवांचे लक्ष असले पाहिजे.

मध्य आशियातील सायबेरिया प्रांतात, अल्ताई पर्वत रांगांमधे रहाणार्‍या, इराणी मूळ असलेल्या या "सका/शक/Scythian" टोळ्यांना "Kindred Scythians/ Eastern Scythians) म्हणून ओळखले जाते. हेच महाराष्ट्रातील लाड सका/शाखीय वाणी समाज बांधवांचे पूर्वज आहेत.(संदर्भ - Herodotus)

इराणी मूळ असलेल्या या भटक्या जमातीचे लोक इ.स.पूर्व दुसर्‍या शतकापासून ते पार इ.स.च्या चवथ्या शतकापर्यंत टप्प्याटप्प्याने सायबेरिया प्रांतातून Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra या क्रमाने उत्तर व पश्चिम भारतात स्थलांतरित झाल्या व "भारतीय शक/Indo-Scythians" म्हणून ओळखल्या जाऊ लागल्या.

लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाच्या या पूर्वजांच्या इतिहासावर प्रकाश टाकू शकेल अशी जागतिक चर्चा Quora.com या संकेतस्थळावर सुरू असून त्याचा गोषवारा समस्त लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाज बांधवांच्या माहितीसाठी या अभ्यासगटात क्रमश: प्रसृत करीत आहे.

१.After the arrival of the Indo-Aryans, climatic problems and economic problems caused the demise of the IVC and both Dravidian-speaking groups and Indo-Aryan-speaking groups expanded to every corner of India. During this expansion, the last of the AASI tribes got assimilated and or went extinct.The formation of modern Indians was complete.

२.Skin colour is an adaption to sun-radiation.Not a “racial characteristic”. “Race” is based on shared genetics, anthropologic and craniometric characteristics (i.e. facial features, skull and bone structure). Skin colour alone is nothing but a environmental protection.

३.Generally, Indian people are predominantly West-Eurasian/Scythian (i.e. closely related to West Asians or Europeans).

४.We Indians do not look like the Andamanese Negritos at all. Only some tribal people have a somewhat resemblance, but still differ.

५.Genetically speaking, we have three important ancestry components:

A.Andamanese-related ancestry (Negrito)

B.West-Eurasian ancestry A (Dravidian)

C.West-Eurasian ancestry B (Indo-Aryan)

६.There is a minor East Asian ancestry in some groups of Northeast Indians (i.e. tribals such as the Munda or Santali).

७.The Andamanese-related (Negrito) ancestry is on average person at about 10% (10% to 20% depending on caste). Nevertheless, it is higher in forest-dwelling tribals at about 30%. Only a very small number of tribals has more. The Paniya tribes is noted for the highest AASI/Andamanese-related ancestry at 60%.

८.The West-Eurasian ancestry A (i.e. the ancestral Dravidian or Zagrosian component) forms the major ancestry of all Indians and is on average 60%. The Dravidian Kodova are noted for their high Zagrosian ancestry at nearly 100%.

९.The West-Eurasian ancestry B (i.e. the ancestral Indo-Aryan or Steppe/Scythian component) range from 6.5% to 50.2% and is on average about 20%. It is generally higher in Indo-Aryan-speaking groups. But even tribal people have it. The isolated Dalit Mala tribals as example have 18% Indo-Aryan ancestry. The highest Indo-Aryan ancestry is found among the Kalash people and some other northern groups at 50.2%.

१०.The genetic ancestry of Indians is predominantly West-Eurasian. Although some groups are shifted away, the majority of Indian people are close to other West-Eurasians.

११.In terms of paternal DNA lineages, Indian people are (nearly) 100% West-Eurasian.

१२.The common paternal DNA lineages in India are H, L, R and J. All of them are commonly found in other West-Eurasian populations, such as Europeans or Arabs.

१३.Paternal DNA lineage H arrived in India with the first West-Eurasians more than 40,000 years ago. They were part of the Levant late Aurignacian population and had also influence on Southeast Asia and Oceania.

१४.Paternal DNA lineage H is today found in India, West Asia and Europe, but also in the Khmer people which had some Indian influence.

१५.Paternal DNA lineage L is linked to the Dravidian people and the Elamite as well as Indus Valley culture. L is common in Indians, Iranians, some West Asians and some Europeans.L correspond directly to the expansion of Dravidian people and the IVC.

१६.Paternal DNA lineage R is associated with the Indo-European people (and thus the Indo-Aryan lineage). It is found in high percentage in all of India and Europe.

१७.The specific Indo-Aryan marker R1a is not an European marker.R originated either in the Caucasus region(Scythia) or northern Iran and than spread to a wide area. R likely expanded out from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe (Scythia).The to date oldest R lineage is found in northern India.

१८.A mysterious case is R2. R2 seems to be native to India and southern Iran and is suggested to were present in the IVC too. R2 has a low frequency, but R2 may be a argument for a “Out-of-India” proposal regarding the Indo-Aryans.

१९.Paternal DNA lineage J is common in India, West Asia, northern Africa and Europe. Its exact link is unknown but it was present in many ancient populations of the Middle East. It was found in both ancient Indo-Europeans and Dravidians, so it is impossible to link J to any modern arrived group.

२०.Maternal lineages are more diverse and can be estimated at 50/50.

२१.According to geneticist Oppenheimer it is highly probable that nearly all human maternal lineages in Central Asia, the Middle East and Europe descended from only four mtDNA lines that originated in South Asia 50,000–100,000 years ago.

२२.Generally we can say that there are maternal lineages from West-Eurasia, East-Eurasia and South-Eurasia, but also certain distinct lineages which are only found in South Asia, but closest to West-Eurasian lineages compared to the others.

२३.Other genetic evidence -

Several autosomal DNA analyses have shown that Indians are predominantly West-Eurasian. But there are also other evidences based on distinct DNA lineages SNPs, HLA lineages and immunoglobulin genome.

२४.The Japanese geneticist Hideo Matsumoto (2009), analysed the immunoglobulin genome of world wide populations. He concluded that populations in India and nearby regions are basically West-Eurasian (he use the term “Caucasoid”), while some show evidence of admixture in varying degrees among certain groups.

२५.A study Raghavan and Bulbeck et al. 2013 analysed genetic and anthropologic data and confirmed a close link to other West-Eurasian populations. Nevertheless, they note that certain groups have either South-Eurasian or East-Eurasian influences (on their maternal side).

२६.A study by Mondal et al. 2017 concluded that average Indians are most closely related to southern Europeans and people in the Levant(Middle East).

२७.Yelmen et al. 2019 found that Northwest Indians lack any Andamanese-related ancestry.

२८.Reich 2019, as well as Narasimhan et al. 2019 and Shinde et al. 2019 suggest that West-Eurasian ancestry was present long before the advent of farming in South Asia and that agriculture evolved natively in South Asia. The evidence suggest that West-Eurasian ancestry was already commonly found 40,000 years ago, and that the AASI were rather heterogenous (as mention in the beginning).

२९.Indians originated predominantly from West-Eurasian(Scythian) populations, which were partially already present in India more than 40,000 years ago. Additionally there is some local hunter-gatherer ancestry on the maternal side of Indians.

लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाच्या या पूर्वजांचा सुमारे ५०,००० वर्षांचा इतिहास आपण सर्वांनी या अभ्यासगटात वाचलाच असेल. त्यामध्ये हे "सका/शक/Scythian" वंशाचे लोक मध्य आशियातील "सायबेरिया" या प्रांतातून भारतात स्थलांतरित झाल्याचा इतिहास क्रमवार मांडला होता.त्याला पुष्टी देणारे हे संशोधन आहे.या संशोधनाच्या पार्श्वभूमीवर लाड सका(शाखीय) वाणी समाजाच्या कुलदेवता,कुलाचार, कुल,कुलग्राम,कुलनाम,गोत्र,धार्मिक संकल्पना,सामाजिक चालीरिती या गोष्टींचा सखोल अभ्यास होणे आवश्यक आहे.त्याचा उहापोह या अभ्यासगटात वेळोवेळी केलेलाच आहे.तो सर्वांनी अवश्य वाचावा व आपल्या बहुमूल्य प्रतिक्रिया या अभ्यासगटात अवश्य नोंदवाव्या.ही नम्र विनंती.

आपला कृपाभिलाषी,

प्रा.डाॅ.दिलीप बाळकृष्ण वाणी

व्यवस्थापक

फेसबुक वरील "History of Lad Saka (Shakhiy) Wani Samaj" हा सार्वजनिक अभ्यास गट(सभासद संख्या - दीड लाख)